REKROM OPTOELEKTRONİK
Problem
Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is becoming increasingly prominent within the automotive industry. AVs offer many advantages, such as increased transportation comfort, improved traffic flow, elimination of driver errors thus reduction in the number of traffic accidents and increased vehicle safety. However, current AV technologies are still having problems with market convergence. It can be argued that the main problem of AV technology is its need for high levels of surrounding awareness. Even though many solutions are proposed as the sensing system to this need, no one method or any combination seems to provide the necessary information at the necessary rate in a cost-effective way. The current technologies either fall short in detail, for example camera technology lacks accuracy in depth measurement, or the detailed information is not suitable for real time processing for object detection and classification, such as point clouds. The logical conclusion of this information is that there is a need for a novel improvement in the sensing technology for the feasibility of AVs.
Çözüm
LIDAR technology has the most potential for the novel improvement as the technology itself is currently in rapid improvement. Many companies are focusing R and D projects on betterment of the technology’s hardware whereas many others are working on the data processes such as object detection and classification for these devices. The current state of art on LIDAR technology can be summarised as follows. LIDARs are devices with a collimated laser beam whose direction is controlled with a scanning motion such that it reflects from different points of the surroundings from which ToF is measured. This TOF measurement is then combined with the information from a kind of encoder in the scanning system to obtain the direction resulting in point cloud data (PCD). Most people became aware of LIDAR technology with the appearance of the first AVs; “They kind of look like spinning Kentucky Fried Chicken buckets,” said Google’s Chris Urmson, who heads its self-driving car project and initially used the $75,000 sensors on its test vehicles. At that time, in 2015, the cost of a LIDAR unit made AVs prohibitively expensive for mass adoption. The major advantage of LIDAR technology is its speed in the aspect of environmental awareness whereas being able to easily provide the distance information of the objects. LIDAR can provide high-resolution 3D vision by generating millions of data points in real-time. This creates a precise map of the ever-changing surroundings that allow the objects to be detected. LIDARs extended range of up to 200 meters, and accuracy of a few centimetres allows object detection quickly.
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